The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. It built the Freeport of Monrovia and Roberts International Airport under the Lend-Lease program before its entry into the Second World War. Challenges of reservoir hosts and transmission cycles: Expect the unexpected", "Desert Locust Bulletin General situation during September 2021 Forecast until mid-November 2021", "Restoring the Battered and Broken Environment of Liberia One of the Keys to a New and Sustainable Future". [43] The coup leaders formed the People's Redemption Council (PRC) to govern the country. The Portuguese named the area Costa da Pimenta ("Pepper Coast") but it later came to be known as the Grain Coast, due to the abundance of melegueta pepper grains. Monrovia stands on such an outcropping, a ridge of diabase (a dark-coloured, fine-grained rock). For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see western Africa. [7], In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending free people of color to the Pepper Coast voluntarily to establish a colony. [114] Following Sirleaf's inauguration in 2006, Liberia signed several multi-billion-dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinational corporations, including ArcelorMittal, BHP and Sime Darby. [60] In 2011, July 26 was proclaimed by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to be observed as National Independence Day. Later Stone Age (LSA) populations evidence significant technological diversification, including both microlithic and macrolithic traditions. [43] A strategic Cold War ally of the West, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States while critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression. Minority ethnic groups especially were exploited in a system that enriched well-connected elites. It contains the Freeport of Monrovia, the major national port of Liberia and a variety of businesses. Official Name: Republic of Liberia Location: West Africa coast between Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cte d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean Population: 5,057,681 (as of 2020) Land Area: 43,000 square miles (111,369 square kilometres) Capital: Monrovia Official Language: English Form of Government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic [113][114], Current impediments to growth include a small domestic market, lack of adequate infrastructure, high transportation costs, poor trade links with neighboring countries and the high dollarization of the economy. The outline map represents the West African country of Liberia. [95] A history of corruption among police officers diminishes public trust and operational effectiveness. [44], The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), a rebel group led by Charles Taylor, launched an insurrection in December 1989 against Doe's government with the backing of neighboring countries such as Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. Pressure from the United Kingdom, which controlled Sierra Leone to the northwest, and France, with its interests in the north and east, led to a loss of Liberia's claims to extensive territories. Located on the West African coast, Liberia covers an area of 111,369 sq. [119] This led to a United Nations ban on Liberian diamond exports in 2001, which was lifted in 2007 following Liberia's accession to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. The Dei, Bassa, Kru, Gola, and Kissi were some of the earliest documented peoples in the area. Tbg and its vector Glossina palpalis gambiense are a constant presence in the rainforests here. However, Lincoln in 1862 described Liberia as only "in a certain sensea success", and proposed instead that free people of color be assisted to emigrate to Chiriqu, today part of Panama. The Atlantic Ocean borders Liberia to the south-southwest. [70] Because of its location in Africa, it is vulnerable to extreme weather, the coastal effects of sea level rise, and changing water systems and water availability. [25] Indigenous tribesmen did not enjoy birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904. There are several unique species of bats and birds, and scorpions, lizards, and fish are numerous. [134], The mining industry of Liberia has witnessed a revival after the civil war which ended in 2003. [149], Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels. People along the coast built canoes and traded with other West Africans from Cap-Vert to the Gold Coast. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847, which the U.S. did not recognize until February 5, 1862. [206], One-third of married Liberian women between the ages of 1549 are in polygamous marriages. Stella Maris Polytechnic, a post-secondary, private institution of higher learning. [54], The United Nations Mission in Liberia began arriving in September 2003 to provide security and monitor the peace accord,[55] [66] The inauguration marked Liberia's first fully democratic transition in 74 years. [57] The 2005 elections marked the first time that the president's party did not gain a majority of seats in the Legislature. [104] When dealing with public-facing government functionaries, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Between ~43.5ka, these societies gradually transformed into food producers, possibly through contact with northern pastoralists and agriculturalists, as the environment became more arid. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [79] The survey was conducted during the last civil war, and bushmeat consumption is now believed to be far higher. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Olukoju, Ayodeji. Forestry is an important industry in Liberia. [151][152][153] An additional 13 ultra-deep offshore blocks were demarcated in 2011 and planned for auction. [165] Liberians also speak a variety of creolized dialects collectively known as Liberian English. [76], Endangered species are hunted for human consumption as bushmeat in Liberia. As in other African countries, China is an important part of the post-conflict reconstruction. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. [citation needed] Liberia struggled to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy. [20][21] By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 people of color from the United States and the Caribbean to Liberia. [1] An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed. Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it established the independent Republic of Liberia. Liberia possesses about forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. Map of the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent, located on the African continental plate. Omissions? Includes 99 Liberia mountains. [212][213] The Liberia national football team has reached the Africa Cup of Nations finals twice, in 1996 and 2002. (Nelson) See the Map of Liberia with Monrovia. The four physiographic regions of Liberia parallel the coast. [43], After Liberia adopted a new constitution in 1985, Doe was elected president in subsequent elections that were internationally condemned as fraudulent. As of October 2007 it has 844 officers in 33 stations in Montserrado County, which contains Monrovia. Liberia Population What Is The Population Of Liberia? Founded as the Liberian Frontier Force in 1908, the military was renamed in 1956. For most of the 194189 period, training was largely provided by U.S. advisors, with combat experience in the Second World War also playing a role in training. [124], Liberia has the highest ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world, with US$16 billion in investment since 2006. [68], Tropical rainforests cover the hills, while elephant grass and semi-deciduous forests make up the dominant vegetation in the northern sections. With an area of 11,551 sq. African Methodist Episcopal University, a private higher education institution that was founded in 1995. The presence of Oldowan Earlier Stone Age (earliest ESA) artifacts in West Africa has been confirmed by Michael Omolewa, attesting to the presence of ancient humans. United Methodist University, a private Christian university located in Liberia, West Africa, it is commonly known amongst locals as UMU. Rape is the most frequently reported crime, accounting for more than one-third of sexual violence cases. Liberia has year-round evergreen vegetation. Monrovia, capital, largest city, and chief Atlantic port of Liberia, located on Bushrod Island and Cape Mesurado. Mortality from tropical diseases was highof the 4,571 emigrants who arrived in Liberia between 1820 and 1843, only 1,819 survived. Open Location Code. [68] However, Mount Nimba near Yekepa, is higher at 4,724 feet (1,440m) above sea level but is not wholly within Liberia as Nimba shares a border with Guinea and Ivory Coast and is their tallest mountain as well. [147] Construction of three new heavy fuel oil power plants is expected to boost electrical capacity by 38 MW. It was founded during the administration of U.S. Pres. Life expectancy in Liberia is estimated to be 64.4 years in 2020. Findings included government involvement in widespread "Forced or compulsory labour". [174] Since 2006, the government has also opened community colleges in Buchanan, Sanniquellie, and Voinjama. The Liberian national basketball team has reached the AfroBasket twice, in 1983 and 2007. It lies between latitudes 4 and 9N, and longitudes 7 and 12W. km. The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered. [72], Forests on the coastline are composed mostly of salt-tolerant mangrove trees, while the more sparsely populated inland has forests opening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. However, these animals, along with the already threatened elephants, bush cows (short-horned buffalo), and leopards, were hunted for food during the civil war; their populations are recovering. [51] [125] Palm oil companies like Sime Darby (Malaysia) and Golden Veroleum (USA) have been accused of destroying livelihoods and displacing local communities, enabled by government concessions. [76] In September 2014, Liberia and Norway struck an agreement whereby Liberia ceased all logging in exchange for $150 million in development aid. The greatest amount of rainfall, 205 inches (5,200 mm), occurs at Cape Mount and diminishes inland to about 70 inches (1,800 mm) on the central plateau. Infertile regosols, or sandy soils, are found along the coastal plains. "Gender Roles, Marriage and Family", Economic Community of West African States, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, highest population growth rate in the world, Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed", Liberia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture, "Praise for the woman who put Liberia back on its feet", "Liberians: An Introduction to their History and Culture", "A quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 to 1843 with special reference to mortality", "Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Negroes", "These Abandoned Buildings Are the Last Remnants of Liberia's Founding History", "How a former slave gave a quilt to Queen Victoria", "Frontline/World Liberia No More War Liberia's Historic Ties to America PBS", "Independent Lens Iron Ladies of Liberia Liberian History PBS", Elections Chief Hints Slashing Numbers of Mushrooming Parties for 2005 Polls, "Elections history in Africa's oldest democratic republic: Liberia", "Commission's Report: International Commission of Enquiry in Liberia", "Pan-Africanism Revisited: Vision and Reality of African Unity and Development", "Liberia and the United States: A Complex Relationship", "Liberia's civil war: Fiddling while Monrovia burns", "Profile: Leymah Gbowee Liberia's 'peace warrior', "Taylor resigns as president of Liberia, leaves the country", "Liberia: UNMIL extends deployment as more troops arrive", United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, "LiberiaNigeria: "Time to bring Taylor issue to closure," says Sirleaf", "Taylor Sent Off to Face War Crimes Charges", "War-battered nation launches truth commission", "Tuesday, July 26, is National Independence Day; to be Observed as National Holiday", "Sirleaf seen winning Liberia run-off vote", "From Football King To Liberian President George Weah's Journey", "Top 10 youngest serving presidents in Africa, 2018", "George Weah sworn in as Liberia's president", "Building effective climate governance in Liberia Liberia", "Multinational Investment and the Development of an Export Industry: Rubber in Liberia", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Poaching in Liberia's Forests Threatens Rare Animals", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10032A18567171.en, "Extinction is forever: A crisis that is Liberia's endangered wildlife", "The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense? A small minority of Liberians who are White Africans of European descent reside in the country. [79], Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is endemic in some animal hosts here including both domestic and wild. Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, more than 15,000 freed and free-born African Americans, along with 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. Liberia has one of the highest incidences of sexual violence against women in the world. The 1988 Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act designated the metric system as "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce," but in practice the system is in mixed usage, with the population generally preferring customary units and industries either fully metric or mixed. [1] The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence. Latosols of low to medium fertility occur in rolling hill country and cover about three-fourths of the total land surface. In 2008, 0.5% identified adherence to traditional indigenous religions, while 1.5% claimed no religion. [168], Muslims comprised 12.2% of the population in 2008, largely represented by the Mandingo and Vai ethnic groups. [86] As of 2006[update], Liberia had the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). [168], In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the end of Americo-Liberian rule in the country and beginning over two decades of political instability. [68] Climate change in Liberia causes many problems as Liberia is particularly vulnerable to climate change. [26][27] On August 24, Liberia adopted its 11-striped national flag. [89], Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. [155], As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. Sapo National Park, established in 1983 in the countrys southeast, was expanded in 2003 to encompass an area of some 700 square miles (1,800 square km). [49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. [68] Liberia's three largest rivers are St. Paul exiting near Monrovia, the river St. John at Buchanan, and the Cestos River, all of which flow into the Atlantic. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia. [80] In pigs here and in Ivory Coast, that includes Tbg group 1. Justification of Outstanding Universal Value. Next is the region of rolling hills about 32 km wide and an average elevation of 90 m. Beyond that is a dissected plateau with scattered mountains. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. [48] A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997. Providence Island is situated between Mesurado River and Stockton creek, can be described as an interesting period in the history of Liberia and is very symbolic as a testament of how freed slaves forged nationhood out of their forced calamity upon gaining freedom when slavery was abolished. [148] In 2013, Liberia began importing power from neighboring Ivory Coast and Guinea through the West African Power Pool. Making Liberia safe: transformation of the national security sector. See hiking info, trail maps, and trip reports for every peak. [81], The Hairy Slit-Faced Bat (Nycteris hispida) suffers from malaria here. Liberia is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. [186][187] A number of highly communicable diseases are widespread, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases and malaria. President William Tubman encouraged economic and political changes that heightened the country's prosperity and international profile; Liberia was a founding member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity. In Liberia the shield has been intensely folded and faulted and is interspersed with iron-bearing formations known as itabirites. B. Jallah to the International Association of Law Schools Conference Learning From Each Other: Enriching the Law School Curriculum in an Interrelated World Held at Soochow University Kenneth Wang School of Law, Suzhou, China, October 1719, 2007.
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