What can we learn about those Indian groups from accounts of the earliest European explorers? WebArchaeologists trace the chronicle of Native Americans to at least 12,000 years ago. Enjoy Your Journey !! There are at present several modern Native American groups in North Carolina--direct descendants of prehistoric and early historic ancestors recognized in archaeological and historical records. The east would continue to control the senate, whose members were now elected from districts. The fracturing of social ties, group identities, and loss of native languages and other cultural elements during the 18th and 19th centuries persisted into the 20th. Their first known contact with Europeans occurred in 1540, when Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his men came to the mountains in search of gold. The turnpike was a better road than previous roads in the Mountain Region, which usually had been steep, narrow paths. Problems with travel and trade changed with the completion of the Buncombe Turnpike in 1827. Application of scholarly techniques from zoology, chemistry, physics, botany, mathematics and computer studies enables archaeologists to explore the immense complexity of environments and cultures which surrounded our ancestors. The crown took over the colony and formed both North andSouth Carolinaout of it in 1729. As a result, White migration into present-day Buncombe, Henderson, and Transylvania Counties grew rapidly for a while. Land was available due to eastern state cessions of western territory as well as acquisition of vast new territorial areas through the Louisiana Purchase. They settled near Three Forks Baptist Church where they all were active members. John died at 1:00pm, Thursday, July 24, 1823 and was buried the next day. and North Carolina abandoned their soil-exhausted farms. The Old Southwest area faced an especially difficult economic period. The couple had at least 11 known children: Catherine(1798-1840), John(1800), Adam(1802-1865), Henry(1804), Mary(1806), Jacob(1808-1873), Michael Jr(1810), David(1814-1850), William(1815-1876), Elizabeth(1818-1846) and Robert(1820). Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. North Carolina Slave Narratives; Craven County Record of Wills (Loose) - 1760-1890; Blackbeard's Men; 1779 Craven County Tax List; NC Tax Lists at NC Digital Collections; Joyner Family Bible Records & related material; WARNING! c. 1909. To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. The following ancestors have been documented to have been resident, prior to 12 July 1729, in the portion of the Province of Carolina which became North Carolina. Archaeology provides us the means to achieve that goal. Taxes, opportunities and freedom for religion and freedom to dream are just a few of the explanations why these early settlers arrived. Soon after her death, Ezekiel Baird traveled the Great Wagon Road with his wife Susanna Blodgett Baird to North Carolina. As more Whites immigrated into the area just west of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the late 1700s, the Cherokee who were living there moved west. from the Historic Moneys in the NorthCarolina Collection digital exhibit. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. The Mountain Association separated in 1841 and these churches formed the Three Forks Association which is still active today. 3 whites. Most were moving down from Virginia and colonies further to the north. Asheville and Warm Springs (now Hot Springs) became popular tourist destinations. ), George(1809-1827), Alfred(1811-1870) and Elizabeth(1813-?). Watauga was established in 1849 from several counties, Ashe, Caldwell, Wilkes and Yancey. "On the Indian reservation, Cherokee, N.C. https://www.thoughtco.com/north-carolina-colony-103877 (accessed May 2, 2023). This very same reason could have been the result of John Adams settling in Watauga County and the remote area of Cove Creek. By the close of the 1830s, with the paralyzing economic collapse of 1837, farmers of Missouri, Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana were ready to seek new homes in the Far West. They came to buy, settle, and farm the cheap, fertile bottomlands and hillsides in the region. Burke County History: http://www.burkecounty.org/communities/. Kelly, Martin. The turnpike followed the French Broad River north of Asheville to reach Greeneville, Tennessee. They traveled down the Great Wagon Road to the Piedmont Region of North Carolina and then traveled west to reach the mountains. And what about the ancestors of those historic period Indians? North Carolina and the American Revolution. Many who left New York and Pennsylvania were those who had previously moved to the western fringe of civilization, and now simply kept moving. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/north-carolina-colony-103877. Located at, https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/buncombe-turnpike, https://ncpedia.org/waywelived/great-wagon-road, https://www.nps.gov/blri/historyculture/index.htm, http://www.scottishtartans.org/ulster.html, http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/money/?CISOROOT=/numismatics, https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwilson1949/6247361910/, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004671914/, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/nc0478.photos.345701p/, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2007662508/. Population estimates, locations and accurate names for various tribal groups, and clear descriptions of Indian political and social life unfortunately cannot be gained from historical documents alone. What remained was the hilly areas of the Appalachian Plateau. Ebenezer Fairchild was born in 1730 and lived with his parents, Caleb and Anne Fairchild in Stratford, Conn. Ebenezer married Salome Goble in August of 1750 at the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown, New Jersey. Is Newspapers.com Worth the Money for Your Genealogy Research? Next came the occupation of Missouri and Iowa. In the early 1700s, small groups of French Huguenot, German Palatine, and Swiss immigrants founded towns on the coast. ____________________________________________________________, Information in this Wiki page is excerpted from the online course United States Migration Patterns offered by The International Institute of Genealogical Studies. Centers typically included one or more flat-topped, earthen "temple" mounds, public areas and buildings ("council houses") used for religious and political assemblies. A thriving trade developed between the Cherokee and White settlers in the early 1700s. In 1663, Charles II rewarded eight of his most loyal supporters by making them "lords proprietors" of Carolina. New BernThomas Saucer granted 150 acres. and North Carolina abandoned their soil-exhausted farms. The first English person born in North America was settler John White's granddaughter Virginia Dare (born to Elenora White and her husband Ananias Dare on August 18, 1587). The later colonial period of North Carolina history likewise exhibits an unfortunate lack of interest on the part of white Americans for details of Indian life. As a result, the Bechtlers decided to coin gold. Williams son, George moved to Watauga County and married Mary Ann Davis in 1833. Both Minnesota and Wisconsin attracted persons from New England and New York and an ever-increasing flow of Scandinavians, first to Wisconsin and then to Minnesota and Dakota. "Hernando De Soto [no date]." John White returned to England shortly after its founding, and apparently, the colonists also left the area. 4, p. 711 12-1-1744. There were choices to be made. However, internal problems arose in the colony, leading the Lord Proprietors to sell their interests in the colony. Thousands in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina abandoned their soil-exhausted farms. Once he was sure his ship had sailed, he wandered the streets of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and learned how to become a cabinetmaker. State Government websites value user privacy. The North Carolina colony was carved out of the Carolina province in 1729, but the history of the region begins during the Elizabethan period of the late 16th century and is closely tied to the Virginia colony. WebIn the 1650s, the first permanent English settlers in North Carolina actually came from the southern part of the Virginia Colony and settled in the Albemarle area in the northern part of present-day North Carolina. Still others moved north into the Vermont territory or on into English Canada. WebAncestors - Order of First Families of North Carolina. 10-3-1748. September 27, 2011. Hi dbsattic and Thank you for your comment and question. By the 1830s, transportation in the Mountains had improved and conflict between the east and west had decreased. John Dugger, born 1780 in Wilkes County, moved to the Watauga County area and settled near his relative, Uncle Benjamin. None of the native cultures in North Carolina had any sort of written language. Traders were present in the Far West for many years prior to pioneer settlement by farmers who came into the area primarily from the tier of states which bordered the Mississippi River. (Hariot visited the region in 15851586, but Hakluyt never actually made it to North America.) Mississippian-type town centers are more common to the south and west of North Carolina. Mary Jones, alias Saucer, granted 100 acres. Native groups who followed the PaleoIndians are called Archaic cultures by archaeologists. Accessed March 5, 2012. Merchants and businessmen had lost their import-export business with England. Archaeology is a branch of anthropology, which involves other types of humanistic and scientific studies of human cultures. 4, p. 640 11-10-1743 William Saucer granted 300 acres. When plantation agriculture expanded into the Piedmont and Great Valley, some of the small farmers went West to escape the developing class system or to avoid Where as, Boone, Valle Crucis and Blowing Rock has huge amounts of written documentation. "Blue Ridge Mountains." The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=United_States_Migration_Patterns_1784_to_1839_-_International_Institute&oldid=5301385. Few people dared to make the long trip to the United States Mint in Philadelphia, where gold could be made into coins. The historical effects of disease on native populations may never be precisely defined, for instance, but the aggregate effects included major population displacements, or splitting up and reconsolidation of populations (especially across the Piedmont). In Alabama, a sprinkling of farms covered most of the western half, with the greatest concentration in the region of the great bend of the Alabama River. The earliest pre-statehood settlers of North Carolina were generally of English descent and came from Virginia and South Carolina to the Coastal Plain region, between 1650 and 1730. The earliest aboriginal groups reached North Carolina not long after people first crossed into the New World from Siberia during the final stages of the last Ice Age, or Pleistocene era. 5 thru Vol. Small triangular and stemmed projectile points, suitable in terms of size and weight for attachment to arrow shafts, are recovered for the first time on Woodland period sites. They joined New Yorkers and families from Rhode Island and Connecticut in occupying the New York Military Lands in the fertile Genesee Valley and lands along Lake Erie. There they founded the town of Marietta near the earlier-established Fort Harmar. That parcel, from Albemarle sound to Florida, was named Carolana after Charles I. Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. (LogOut/ This began a generations long trek westward as families sought greener pastures and new homes on the ever-expanding American Frontier. The distributions of such artifacts suggest rapid population growth and movement of the initial colonizing bands of people through Canada and the Great Plains, and into the eastern woodlands of which North Carolina is a part. Fortunately, a convention was called in 1835. Young John Adams stayed behind, hiding in a sugar barrel. He came to Rutherford County in 1830 with his son Augustus and a nephew, Christopher Jr. Drovers were now able to drive surplus hogs, geese, or turkeys to markets outside the Mountain Region. WebThe first permanent European settlement in northern Carolina was established in the Albemarle Sound region by Virginians, around 1653. Is MyHeritage.com Worth the Money for Your Genealogy Research? Following the Civil War, North Carolina was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. WebIn the 1650s, the first permanent English settlers in North Carolina actually came from the southern part of the Virginia Colony and settled in the Albemarle area in the northern part of present-day North Carolina. Many early North Carolina families are named on the Moseley Map (1733). During 1795, Ezekiel and his son, Blodgett left the area to travel west. Painfully direct results of armed conflicts like the Tuscarora and Yemassee Wars included forced removals of native populations onto a few small reservations. Morristown, or Moriston (present-day Asheville, was founded as the county seat of Buncombe County because it was centrally located at a major crossroad. Mississippi was settled almost exclusively in the southern part. Now-extinct elephants (mastodons and mammoths), wild horses, ground sloths, camels and giant bison roamed the forests and grasslands of our area. During this period, the majority of those migrating were native-born, seeking economic opportunity either in eastern cities or in the farms and towns of the West. WebNorth Carolina ( / krlan / ( listen)) is a state in the Southern United States. During the year of 1799, John Adams brought his family to the Cove Creek area of present day Watauga County, then located in Ashe County. The surviving, and often flamboyant, artifact inventories from Mississippian sites reflect needs for personal status identification and perpetuation of favored lineages. When plantation agriculture expanded into the Piedmont and Great Valley, some of the small farmers went West to escape the developing class system or to avoid contact with slavery. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. New England was overcrowded, and the cost of land escalated. Although much archaeological and historical research has been attempted, no one has yet discovered what actually happened to the settlers, and Roanoke is called "The Lost Colony.". But, Ezekiel and his son never returned to Watauga County. Archaeologists trace the chronicle of Native Americans to at least 12,000 years ago. This family continued to live in Virginia until William, grandson of Thomas II moved to Reddys River, Wilkes County and married Mary Elizabeth McNeil. Please submit permission requests for other As a result, White migration into present-day Buncombe, Henderson, and Transylvania Counties grew rapidly for a while. With movement into western Georgia, that state almost doubled in population between 1820 to 1840, but the newer ones, Alabama and Mississippi, increased fivefold. Their camps and villages occur as archaeological sites throughout North Carolina, on high mountain ridges, along river banks, and across the Piedmont hills.. Despite crucial involvement of the Carolina Indians in colonial economic ventures, as suppliers of skins for the enormously profitable deerskin trade, as military allies or, too frequently, as slaves, most knowledge we do have comes from unofficial sources. "The Founding of North Carolina Colony and Its Role in the Revolution." These pioneers traveled across the Yadkin River and endured the rough terrain of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The following ancestors have been documented to have been resident, prior to 12 July 1729, in the portion of the Province of Carolina which became North Carolina. Some of this land was transferred from the government to veterans as bounty land. No overnight change from a pre-ceramic, non-agricultural Archaic stage to Woodland times is recognizable in the archaeological record. During the late 17th century, settlement in North Carolina proceeded from Virginia migration, first into the Albemarle region, then into the Pamlico district. Between Missouri and Louisiana was the territory of Arkansas, sparsely populated at first. When plantation agriculture expanded into the Piedmont and Great Valley, some of the small farmers went West to escape the developing class system or to avoid The new nation faced many challenges. Legends tell of pirate treasure buried beneath the dunes of the Outer Banks, and rusting smokestacks, masts, and boilers protrude from offshore waters, The discovery of gold in western North Carolina brought an economic boom to the region in the 1820s and 1830s. This blog will give details of the early settlers in present day Watauga County, NC. http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/money/?CISOROOT=/numismatics. The earliest pre-statehood settlers of North Carolina were generally of English descent and came from Virginia and South Carolina to the Coastal Plain region, between 1650 and 1730. Is one of them yours? Vann Helms. North Carolina Slave Narratives; Craven County Record of Wills (Loose) - 1760-1890; Blackbeard's Men; 1779 Craven County Tax List; NC Tax Lists at NC Digital Collections; Joyner Family Bible Records & related material; WARNING! WebIn the 1650s, the first permanent English settlers in North Carolina actually came from the southern part of the Virginia Colony and settled in the Albemarle area in the northern part of present-day North Carolina. Missouri and much of the trans-Mississippi West was dominated by the city of St. Louis, even though its population in 1840 was just over 16,000. They could come in wagons, carriages, or stagecoaches, rather than on foot or horseback. The earliest aboriginal groups reached North Carolina not long after people first crossed into the New World from Siberia during the final stages of the last Ice Age, or Pleistocene era. WebAmong these early settlers were the Davidsons, Alexanders, Gudgers, and Pattons. North Carolina political conditions were affected by sectionalism, or conflict between the eastern and western sections of the state. Despite the introduction of these new elements into prehistoric Indian lifeways, much remained the same. WebSettlers came initially to the eastern coastal plain to a beautiful land, heavily forested, a temperate climate, with a bounty of flora and fauna. Located at http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004671914/. Landrine and brother, Daniel Eggers both settled in the Jersey Settlement of Rowan County, NC. But archaeology exists as the only science with the techniques, theories and evaluative frameworks for providing any information on the 12,000 or more years of human occupation which occurred before the "discovery" of the New World only 500 or so years ago. Tantalizing bits of information can be gleaned from the early series of exploration accounts, but when the actual diversity and complexities of "Indian" culture are considered, we must conclude that their description by explorers was incidental to those for geography, searches for treasure, or daily hardships of the first European explorers. However, with the discovery of gold in California in the late 1840s, most of the miners left for California. Various reasons caused these families to settle here, such as the privacy the mountains could provide. Settlers came from both north and south of the Ohio River between 1820 and 1840 and were joined by foreign immigrants, particularly from Germany. Edgecombe Co. N.C. Colonial Records Vol. During King Instead, there was very gradual and piecemeal adoption of these new traits into local groups' cultural patterns. Change). Of course the older towns retained large numbers of French Catholics. During this time, North Carolina became the leading gold-producing state. He departed the ship and traveled to Rowan County where he met and married Esther Hawkins on September 17, 1795. Where did they come from, and how do we know anything at all about their cultures? Library of Congress. New Englanders usually went into the same areas by way of Pittsburgh although some went through southern New York State. They came by foot, wagon, or horseback, entering the area through gaps such as Swannanoa, Hickory Nut, Gillespie, and Deep Gaps. North Carolina Office of State Archaeology, An official website of the State of North Carolina, North Carolina's First Colonists: 12,000 Years Before Roanoke, Intrigue of the Past: North Carolina's First Peoples, The Prehistory of North Carolina: A Basic Cultural Sequence, Of and Around Standing Structures: Archaeology and Restoration, Projectile Points of the North Carolina Piedmont, North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. Far-reaching trade and tribute networks were maintained at great expense to provide necessary items to the ruling classes of Mississippian Indian groups throughout the Southeast and Midwest. When plantation agriculture expanded into the Piedmont and Great Valley, some of the small farmers went West to escape the developing class system or to avoid Raleigh, N.C. 27699-4619. Some turned west through the Holston and French Broad Valleys into Tennessee. Although colonial government records included brief descriptions of military expeditions and political affairs involving Indian populations, detailed pictures of Indian culture elude modern researchers. It was another decade before large-scale immigration occurred in the large Minnesota area. WebThe first such settlers were Pennsylvanians, members of the Spratt family, who arrived in the 1740's. Secure websites use HTTPS certificates. Wilson, David. Distributions of ceramic (pottery) styles and other artifacts suggest to archaeologists that Woodland Indians began to recognize territorial boundaries. Forced from their Scottish homelands, these immigrants settle mainly in the Cape Fear Valley. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, Native Americans in the eastern and central portions of North Carolina were largely displaced as the colony's and state's frontiers were populated by Euro-American and African-American colonists, farmers, slaves and townspeople. This beautiful land of peaks and valleys and forests and flowers was the last area of North Carolina to be settled by European Americans. William Saser admitted to his right. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. WebAncestors - Order of First Families of North Carolina. 3 whites. uses directly to the museum This blog will give details of the early settlers in present day Watauga County, NC. By 1710, the new sparsely settled province had a capital at Edenton. WebAmong these early settlers were the Davidsons, Alexanders, Gudgers, and Pattons. Most were moving down from Virginia and colonies further to the north. A short time after opening a jewelry shop in Rutherfordton, Christopher Sr. apparently realized that the regional economy was hurt by a lack of gold coins for use in trade. ANCHOR: The Buncombe Turnpike:https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/buncombe-turnpike, NCpedia: The Way We Lived in North Carolina:The Great Wagon Road: From Northern Colonies to North Carolina:https://ncpedia.org/waywelived/great-wagon-road, National ParkService, History of the Blue Ridge Parkway: https://www.nps.gov/blri/historyculture/index.htm. c. 1909. Its relatively flat arch provided maximum useful clearance in a short span and the physics of the design eliminated the need for extensive abutments to contain the thrust of traditional arches, making it ideally suited as a grade separation structure. Edgecombe Co. N.C. Colonial Records Vol. Label vector designed by Ibrandify - Freepik.com. WebA new wave of Highlanders begins arriving in North Carolina after the failed revolt in Scotland in 1746. Archaeological information is imperfect; archaeologists are limited in what they can explain by vagaries of preservation, modern destruction of sites, and the simple fact that many cultural elements leave no direct traces in the ground. Today we know that the coastal Indians were part of a larger group occupying the entire mid-Atlantic coastal area, identifiable by a shared language and culture called Algonkian. 10, Copyright 2021 Smith Harper Powered by Hybrid5Studio, Harper Cemetery, Albertson, North Carolina, John C. Anderson and Mary Ann Clark Anderson Tombstone, William Walter Harper and Alma Ishmael Aycock, Charlotte Rachel Anderson and Mary Ann Anderson story of prayer answered shoes found, Joseph Theron and Neva Almira Harper Smith Journals. Over 1 million acres of land were sold in 1814, more than in any one previous year. Wooden palisades, earthen moats or embattlements were placed around many villages for defensive purposes. In the early 1700s, small groups of French Huguenot, German Palatine, and Swiss immigrants founded towns on the coast. It was the grand-nephew of this couple, James Knox Polk, who became eleventh President of the United States. So helpful. The family may have contemplated the idea of moving further west as many families during this time were doing. It is at this time that John embarked on the whaling vessel for North Carolina. But much more was involved in the distinction, especially in terms of political and religious organization and associated militarism. Use of bows and arrows probably led to shifts in hunting patterns among Woodland Indians, since the primary game animals like white tail deer could now be harvested efficiently by single, stalking hunters. BLRI designers made extensive use of theses bridges for crossing small streams and creeks, and grade separation structures, ornamenting them with a rustic stone facade. Archaeologists see Archaic cultures as very successful adaptations to the new forest communities and animal populations of those times. Archaeology is also a discipline with its own set of capabilities and limitations. Labor was committed to tasks of clearing fields, planting and harvesting crops like sunflowers, squash, gourds, beans and maize only when it was certain that those efforts could assure surpluses needed for winter and early spring months when natural food sources were sparse. Following the Civil War, North Carolina was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. Webcolumbus clippers score last night; what happened to garrison keillor's grandson; fort lauderdale 21 day weather forecast; washington, dc restaurants in the 1980s Both of these men served during the American Revolutionary War. Even earlier, during the 1540s, Spanish explorers under the leadership of Hernando de Soto "discovered" several Indian groups occupying the interior regions of the Carolinas. The direct involvement of North Carolina Indians with those large, powerful Mississippian groups is difficult for archaeologists to measure. Many went through the Cumberland Gap into the rich lands of Kentucky, while others kept going to the south and ended up in North and South Carolina. This unique collection is comprehensive in its coverage of early North Carolina marriage records, death records, land records, historical sketches, and biographies referencing approximately 200,000 individuals. Many early North Carolina families are named on the Moseley Map (1733). They relied instead on oral traditions for their origins, myths and histories. (a) 1691-1735; (b) 1735 to 1769, Vol. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. A steady stream of emigrating North Carolinians passed through the Mountain Region headed for points west. Military aggressiveness was an important part of Mississippian culture, serving to gain and defend territories, group prestige and favored trade and tribute networks. Thank You so much Carolina for your kind words. WebArchaeologists trace the chronicle of Native Americans to at least 12,000 years ago. Development of the Frontier, 1657 - 1835. Archaic people did lack three things, however, that most people associate with prehistoric Indians. It was the grand-nephew of this couple, James Knox Polk, who became eleventh President of the United States. In response, the legislature established Buncombe and Ashe Counties in 1792 and 1799 respectively. Mortality Index: United States, 1850-1880, African Americans in the 1870 Census Index, Mayflower Vital Records, Deeds, and Wills, 1600s-1900s, Cemetery Records: Salt Lake City, 1848-1992, Genealogies of Mayflower Families, 1500s-1800s, 1995-2023 Ancestral Findings, LLC. PaleoIndians, as archaeologists call those first people, were well adapted, technologically and socially, to climates, vegetation and animal populations very different from those of today. A 1657 map of the region between the Chowan and Roanoke Rivers illustrates "Batts house," but it probably represents a small community perhaps including Plumpton and Tuke, not just Batts. You can find microfilm records of Cove Creek Baptist Church at the ZSR Library of Wake Forest University located in Winston-Salem, NC. Other Virginians moved in over the next decade or so, either purchasing land from the Indigenous peoplesChesapeake, Secotan, Weapemeoc, and Croatons, among othersor obtaining grants from Virginia. John was born circa 1762 and was later known to be living in Sarlat, which is 40 miles from Bordeaux, France. Among these early settlers were the Davidsons, Alexanders, Gudgers, and Pattons. Most farms were small and self-sufficient. These changes benefited the western part of the state. These districts were created according to the amount of tax paid to the state. This marks the end of segment 1 in this series. Prior to then, the hafted stone tools of Archaic and PaleoIndians were used for spears, knives and dart points (used with spear throwers, or atlatls). Conrad Elrod settled in present day Blowing Rock, Watauga County before 1800. They were generally young, often in their 20s and 30s, mainly of English stock, and of little wealth. "The Founding of North Carolina Colony and Its Role in the Revolution."
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