What harm is done by the legislators packing the district up to 50 percent minority voters? AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. David Eggert, Associated Press How can we tell the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypotheses? Types of random variables. Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map How are the shares of the parent owned by the subsidiary reported at December 31? An investment balance of$378,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. Majority-minority definition, relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: majority-minority public schools. Illinois' 4th District (2013-2023), for example, was mandated by a Federal court to be redrawn as a majority-minority district. ". rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. Rebecca Szetela is a lawyer who describes herself as an independent, and a white woman who chairs Michigans new Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission. At its December 31 year-end, these securities had a fair value of$29,000. The European Union-Currency (economic) ~Colonialism, An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought, AP Human Geography :Unit 4 (Political Geograp, AP Human Geography Chapter 6 (Religion) Vocab, AP Human Geography- Chapter 11- Agriculture K, Social Psychology and Human Nature chapters 6, Theatre Vocabulary - with Playbill (THEA 1306). The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. Download PDF. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. \end{array} See the table below for further details.[15]. Various rules limit where district lines may or may not be drawn. a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities. But Black and Latino Democrats objected to the commissions maps because they would scatter minority voters across several districts. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. Are racially drawn districts constitutionally permissible? "Who rules the World Island commands the World". \text{Balance on February 1} & \text{$\$ 6,800$} & \text{ }\\ Population data are from 2021 Census American Community Survey and 2020 Census population estimates. A state that requires a key to get into. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. \text{Receipts} & \text{$13,900$} & \text{ }\\ Summary: The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide. So what should a new Republican politics for a majority-minority nation look like? But politics has changed dramatically since the law was passed in 1965. Race is collected through the decennial United States census. Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. A state that only allows land ownership for certain groups. Policy: Christopher Nelson Caitlin Styrsky Molly Byrne Jimmy McAllister Samuel Postell The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. With redistricting now beginning in many states, the need for Congress to pass reform legislation is more urgent than ever. Majority-minority districts - Google News. Click "[show]" on the table below to see the complete data set. Warned that if this pivot area become influential in Europe a great empire would be formed. UN-World Politics 2. Those who have the redistricting pen don't have a blank slate for drawing the lines. \end{matrix} \quad \begin{matrix} This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals The idea that "intellectuals of statecraft" construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics. What did they feel they were responsible for? Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. The district court ruled that six legislative districts violated the Voting Rights Act "by diluting the power of the black vote." [12][13][14], In Thornburg v. Gingles, the court also established three criteria that must be met in order "to prove claims of vote dilution under section 2 [of the Voting Rights Act]:"[12][13][14]. Examples: Kurds, Palestinians, Basque, Saamis Nation-state A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. A nation that does not have a state. A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. f. An automatic withdrawal for Oscar's February rent was made on February 4 for $1,100. A country. The adoption of cultural and social characteristics of one society that is controlled by another society The process by which immigrants adapt to the cultural and social characteristics of the country they have immigrated to None of these answers accurately describes acculturation On February 24, Titanic paid$6,250 ($6,000 borrowed amount plus$250 interest) directly to Academy Bank in payment for January's borrowing. AP Human Geography 320 resources . The term is derived from the name of Gov. If youre talented enough, you can win in a 30-35% Black district. Dictionary.com Unabridged . Compare And Contrast Unitary Confederate A federal system is the division between the states and the national government. Legislatures felt that the creation of majority-minority districts was required. a. The ending cash balance recorded in the bank statement is $13,145. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. The bank properly recorded the check for this amount. Thank you. ~Nourishment=Territory, ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. Has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. Left: Voting Districts: Land areas with equal population and varying size that are drawn in such a way that they determine which political seat each household address can vote for. Many states were sprawling, diverse empires, such as the Ottoman Empire in the . c. Checks 325 and 327 are outstanding. A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface. 30 seconds. It links or divides areas of voters with similar characteristics (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, labor, religious, urban/suburban/rural, etc.). In the Year 1 income statement, McKay should show warranty expense of: As a young, unmarried person, you are contemplating college next year and the pursuit of a professional degree that will take six years or more to complete . d. The deposit on 2/ 11 includes a customer's check for $200 that did not clear the bank (NSF check). Examples: United Kingdom, France, China, ~State is organized into territories. Nonetheless, in commpn parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? But time is running short. These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. If you don't, then you clearly did not read the first sentence. Human-kind defines political regions by establishing political . Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. Steven Hill, writing for The Atlantic in June 2013, made the following argument:[2][3][4]. Please check your inbox to confirm. 6. state with more than one nation within its borders, nation that stretches across borders and across states. 4. economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them in the world market with the goal of achieving profit. majority/minority districts in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race manifest destiny a future event accepted as inevitable median-line principle Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. The chart below shows partisan bias in the South, from 1992 through 2000, using the efficiency gap: The same trend can be seen in the congressional maps of non-Southern states with majority-minority districts (again, using the efficiency gap). By doing this, there would now be two conservative congress-people representing an area that is actually a majority liberal area. The decision was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. ~Generate less wealth in the world economy . Republicans have been happy to draw districts with large numbers of Black voters because Black voters overwhelmingly favor Democrats. Example: Spanish colonialism in the west. How do you determine that a minority group is sufficiently large or that it stands a reasonable chance of electing its preferred candidate. Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. Now, let's draw a map that helps the Red party. and LMI and majority-minority areas. ~Serves as a buffer between core and periphery. These results are automatically generated from Google. Example: Chile and Argentina, Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. 3. 2. a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. Assume that you are testing the hypotheses H0:=80\mathrm{H}_0: \mu=80H0:=80 vs. HA:80\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{A}}: \mu \neq 80HA:=80. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census, Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census, Election results, 2022: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Election results, 2020: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, Election legislation tracking: weekly digest, Election legislation tracking: list of sub-topics, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Majority-minority_districts&oldid=9086185, Pages using DynamicPageList3 dplreplace parser function, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. were a federal court applying Gingles and other cases). Latinos are 18.7% of the population and just 5.3% of state lawmakers. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics h. In January, one of Oscar's suppliers, Titanic Fabrics, borrowed $6,000 from Oscar. . Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws. But even after accounting for the federal rules, there are countless . Redistricting is carried out every 10 years based on the population totals reported by the US Census. 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 26-49 Minority-serving hospitals . A nation that stretches across borders and across states. For Holliers 2nd Senate District, that means some of its Detroit neighborhoods would be grafted on to mostly white districts, and his own seat would stretch across Eight Mile Road, the infamous boundary between Detroit and its first-ring, majority white suburbs. Regional "[8], Federal law permits states and other political subdivisions to create majority-minority districts in order to comply with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. The people living in former Yugoslavia never really achieved a strong sense of Yugoslav nationhood. ~Heartland Theory Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. It is estimated that warranty repairs will average $10 per unit sold, and 30% of the repairs will be made in Year 1 and 70% in Year 2. This page is not available in other languages. Name three ways European countries use nationalism throughout the 19th century to achieve various goals. Geography frustrates that aspiration, Johnson says, even though the Milwaukee metropolitan area's Hispanic population grew by 24 . A sample of size 61 results in a sample mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 1.51.51.5. d) Based on the confidence interval, at =0.05can\alpha=0.05 \mathrm{can}=0.05can you reject H0\mathrm{H}_0H0 ? having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. ", "The minority must be able to demonstrate that the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it usually to defeat the minoritys preferred candidate. What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project. The risks in balancing the racial composition of districts were illustrated in this months Virginia elections. The maps were challenged in United States District Court. AP Human Geography is widely recommended as an introductory-level AP course. For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. majority minority districts definition ap human geography Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit a geographical hypothesis proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first 2 decades of the 20th century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain significant strength to eventually dominate the world. the segregation of blacks in South Aftrica from 1948-1994, the term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries, an economic union in Western Europe that compromises three neighboring countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, there are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement, conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement, focus on the delimitation and possibly demarcation of the boundary, focus on neighbors who differ over the way their border should function, focus on boundaries (especially on the sea floor) while in search of resources, boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war; were meant to establish claims to land and were often small historically; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), boundaries that were defined and determined before the present day human landscape was developed, boundaries that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape, boundaries that are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape, boundaries that have ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape, the process that is needed to create a boundary; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), a legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual points in the landscape. *Help us understand the arrangements and forces that are transforming the map of the world. This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy. \text{ } & \text{324} & \text{2$/ 19$} & \text{$2,200$}\\ \text{ } & \text{323} & \text{2$/ 12$} & \text{$2,500$}\\ External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. . What are Section 2 claims? Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). The American Civil Liberties Union, in a 2001 report, made this argument:[2][3][4][16], Critics contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. The differences between federal and a unitary government is that a federal government has multiple levels of hierarchy where both the state and central gover. The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. Explain how each account used in part 1 is reported in the financial statements. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. g. Oscar's checking account earns interest based on the average daily balance. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. State. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). ~Economic conflicts Explain whether or not you would consider purchasing this policy. to buy a universal life policy with a $100,000 face value. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? Race is collected through the decennial United States census . the different types of boundaries including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), boundaries placed on recognizable physiologic features, boundaries that coincide with differences in ethnicity, political boundaries that are defined and delimited as a straight line or arc, an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries, a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, the assignment of a commercial value to something previously valueless, a group of states united for a common purpose, the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory, the transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling into communism, established by the UNCLS, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country, a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country, an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members, an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government, a capital city deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone, a zone where no state exercises has complete political control, the branch of political geography treating national power, foreign policy, and international relations as influences by geographic considerations of location space, resources, and demography, to re-draw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other non-democratic objectives, a place which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other, the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the soviet bloc and Western Europe from 1945-1990, the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its former borders belonging to it historically and culturally, the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a code of the maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters expanding 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 mile wide EEZ, in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race, involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries, an imprecise term for a state or territory small in both population and area, a country without two or more nationalities within its borders, a nation that transcends the borders of two or more states, (North America Free Trade Agreement) an agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a special territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs, the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images, a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, a territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of the Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60 degrees north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago, a country's larges city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well, process by which representation districts are switched according to population shifts so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, a feeling of collective identity based on a population's political territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries, a country which is formally independent, but which is primarily subject to the domination of another, larger power, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference, a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries, when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political economic entity, disagreement between states over the control of surface area, refers to the shape of a territory; has five types: compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, and perforated; (WITH THE NEXT FIVE CARDS), distance from geometric center is similar, long and narrow in shape which makes it difficult to govern, have an area that extends from a more compact core, an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or wholly an exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of home territory, a part kept open for foreign trade according to the terms of a treaty, a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity, granting women a statuary right or privilege, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 3 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 2 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 1 Vocab, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times.
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