While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Various countries of the South Asian region suffer from intense forms of exclusion in social terms and gaps at the infrastructural level. From 2006 to 2009, government forces and the LTTE waged an extremely intense, mostly conventional conflict with extensive human rights abuses. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. -- Volume 22, Number 1, April 2007, Editorial Board -- Volume 26, Number 2, October 2011, Editorial Board 0000042665 00000 n Areas of special concern are ethnicity, religion, urbanization, migration, and development. The collectivist nature of South Asian culture can feel comforting and supportive with close-knit family ties and a sense of connection to something larger than the self. 0000002159 00000 n Education has a significant WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. Regions of the World, Return to AoDCkso:DQ2 " 0000001364 00000 n To encourage culturally sensitive therapy, mental health professionals must actively make an effort in understanding their clients cultural background and belief system through continued education and consultation with colleagues from a similar cultural background. This leads to heightened levels of psychological stress and interference with the identity formation process, especially when a person feels a stronger connection to the dominant western culture. Bangladesh provided support for insurgents in the past, but the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been fairly friendly to India. Figure 3 shows the sanctioned strengths of Indias two largest central police forces, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Border Security Force (BSF), from 1988 to 2018.3 The BSF has a major role in J&K, and the CRPF is heavily deployed across Indias areas of insurgency; both have expanded dramatically. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. 0000043115 00000 n Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. 0000042912 00000 n Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the social movement has been undergone with the formation of contested domain of polity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. 0000002827 00000 n The Northeast is also the site of Indias most successful peace deals in internal conflicts. Yet violence appears to have declined, with the caveat that security force operations are opaque. -- Volume 34, Number 3, November 2019, Editorial Board The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. In another film, PK, an alien wanders around India confused by the countrys variousand seemingly incompatiblereligions. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. Previously, when all five Central Asian countriesKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanbelonged to the former Soviet Union, Moscow ensured that Russian language and literature were taught in schools and that Russian dominated all forms of media, despite these former Soviet republics each having their own native language. During monsoon season, Dhaka and Mumbais streets flood regularly due to clogged drains and the cities low elevation. 0000003635 00000 n In all of these cases, anti-state violence is now below its twenty-first-century peak. -- Volume 34, Number 2, July 2019, Editorial Board get ideas into movement. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Unlike in the Northeast, there has been an uptick in conflict-related fatalities in the second half of the decade rather than a continued decrease. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. These gender inequalities continue into adulthood. Some of the reasons include intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society. Beginning at a young age, girls in the region are sometimes excluded entirely from education. India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. Nawal Mustafa does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Both separatist and revolutionary insurgencies presented serious challenges in India; Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, rose with frightening speed to challenge a long-complacent Pakistani security establishment; Maoist insurgents mobilized against the Nepali government; the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil Tigers) carved out a de facto state in northern Sri Lanka; and some predicted a rising violent Islamist tide in Bangladesh. This article focuses on the core states of the Indian subcontinent. The security establishment, which had a tumultuous relationship with the MQM for decades, launched a crackdown in 2013 that has badly degraded the party, opening space for electoral competitors and reducing electoral violence. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. Most of the environmental issues in Southeast Asia are inextricably linked, and working to ameliorate one will often have added benefits for the others. As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations. What are the main social problems in South Asia? 0000005744 00000 n This conflict, which experienced a resurgence in 2005, has not gone away and continues to be politically important. Sources: World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook and staff calculations. The Indian state is absorbing far less damage than in the 1990s or early 2000s, though it retains a costly internal security footprint in the region. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. Bangladesh is especially dense, with over 160 million people living in an area the size of Iowa. Here are seven challenges the bloc faces in promoting sustainable economic growth, and suggested steps to solve them. 0000033910 00000 n -- Volume 25, Number 1, April 2010, Editorial Board Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. -- Volume 29, Number 1, March 2014, Editorial Board WebPeople and Society South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. -- Volume 21, Number 2, October 2006, Editorial Board India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU Such large populations, especially when concentrated in small areas, present specific challenges: natural disasters have a potentially more devastating effect, and disease can spread quicker. New forms of state and non-state coercion have become more politically prominent, especially localized mob and vigilante violence, which are often linked to, rather than aimed at, the state and ruling parties. Tamil militancy had been a fact of life in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, with the LTTE coming to dominate the insurgency. -- Volume 37, Number 1, March 2022, Editorial Board 0000001688 00000 n These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. -- Volume 28, Number 1, March 2013, Editorial Board SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Riots between Hindu and Muslim groups in India killed over a thousand people in 2002. In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. Religion in South Asia: Diverse But Source of Tension. It is based on conversations that took place at the Our Future is Public conferencein Santiago, Chile, in 2022, and is part of the movements critical response to- and reflections on the UN 2023 WaterConference. 0000008464 00000 n Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V Pakistan is reported at factor cost. Nevertheless, the landscape of political violence in much of the region is strikingly different in 2020 than in years like 2004 or 2010. -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. To learn more about cookies, click here. wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m Source: World Nomad Games 2018 / R.Iliasov. First, important insurgencies still continue in the region, even if they are diminished in intensity, while ideologies, inequalities, and forms of resistance persist that can be mobilized against state power. South Asia consists of a remarkably diverse religious landscape. These trajectories matter because political exclusion and partial democracies marked by factionalism can contribute to revolt, especially when combined with a potentially more volatile international environment. Finally, the paper anticipates a call for the collective colloquium of south Asian social movements. )Ug}wz/vn_/7E|?|^P_PAy_ }D` ,Ut A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. Kazakhstan's new Latin-based alphabet was disseminated in a newspaper in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on October 27, 2017. trailer This in turn affects social cohesion and gender equality in the region. -- Volume 27, Number 1, April 2012, Editorial Board India's child malnutrition levels nearly double those of sub-Saharan Africa; one in ten Pakistani India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. WASHINGTON, October 6, 2022Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases. WebContemporary South Asia (1992), 1(1), 143-146 Commentary Challenges and opportunities for South Asia M. B. NAQVI The destruction of both communism and the Soviet state in what was the USSR has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment of South Asia. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in India, once the exceptional case of liberal democracy in the region, has seen its rating drop in recent years, echoing a decrease in Freedom Houses assessment. Since then, other than the Easter bombings by an Islamist cell in 2019, there have not been major acts of anti-state violence. It is a sea change. On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. This is a hugely important shift. Between 2000 and 2011, South Asian cities swelled in size, as 130 million people flocked to urban areas often in search of better, higher-paying jobs. 0000007388 00000 n 0000001283 00000 n =rJub^#ivFackYh}QY?M After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, itsoutlook remains subject to significant uncertainty. When it comes to dating, cultural expectations of South Asian families can conflict with western norms. How Pursuing goals that diverge from the expectations of the family and community is perceived to be selfish. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the To this end, the report offers two recommendations. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. Meanwhile, Bangladeshanother neighboraccommodates a population over half the size of the United States in an area the size of Iowa. For many youth, entering into a relationship prior to marriage is discouraged. Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. So while state governments can set their official languages and control their finances, the central government is in charge of communications, defense, diplomacy, and monetary policy. Unlike in the other countries examined here, large-scale anti-state insurgency has not been a major feature of Bangladeshs politics in the last two decades; a 1997 peace deal with the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, a political party formed to represent the Indigenous peoples in the eastern Chittagong Hill Tracts, marked the end of a classical insurgency. 1. Moving from corporate responsibility to impact, US Fed likely to make final interest rate hike in May, and other economy stories you need to read this week, World Economic Outlook shows economies facing high uncertainty, Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi and Chiara Maggi, Heres what the mixed economic messages mean for business, IMF: Fiscal policy can promote economic stability and address risks to public finances, Francesca Caselli, Vitor Gaspar, Gee Hee Hong and Paulo Medas, Inflation reaches lowest point in almost two years, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. Kazakhstan used the inaugural games to showcase its national heritage and historic connection to the land just one week after Russian President Vladimir Putin insinuated that the former Soviet Republic should never have become an independent country. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. The decrease in violence in Kashmir since 2003 is also striking. LA3\LWy6"8HWKdobDC yg1FhnuykT-@|WZFkjYoHK @zAI'niDfJ2;[AT%@96dw7fLl9=gR\}Q9Gpa~>i U>U$nV>?7 j=8IPnnQklNSc j3~MvL4@LU!MK'e9>6C-62.P'_.ANEH=` wX2 Finally, Bangladesh has become a de facto competitive authoritarian regime in which the ruling Awami League established a dominant position.
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